|
External Parasites of Sheep and Goats1P. G.
Koehler and J. F. Butler2
Arthropod pests limit production in the sheep and goat industry in many
ways. External parasites feed on body tissue such as blood, skin, and hair.
The wounds and skin irritation produced by these parasites result in
discomfort and irritation to the animal. Parasites can transmit diseases from
sick to healthy animals. They can reduce weight gains and milk production. In
general, infested livestock cannot be efficiently managed to realize optimum
production levels.
Lice Lice are external parasites which spend their entire lives on
the sheep or goat. Both immature and adult stages suck the blood or feed on
the skin. Goat lice are host specific and only attack goats and their close
relatives such as sheep.
Lice-infested animals may be recognized by their dull, matted coat or
excessive scratching and grooming behavior. Sucking lice pierce the host's
skin and draw blood. Biting lice have chewing mouthparts and feed on particles
of hair, scab and skin exudations. The irritation from louse-feeding causes
animals to rub and scratch, causing raw areas on the skin or loss of hair.
Weight loss may occur as a result of nervousness and improper nutrition. Milk
production is reduced about 25 percent. Also, the host is often listless and
in severe cases the loss of blood to sucking lice can lead to anemia.
Lice are generally transmitted from one animal to another by contact.
Transmission from herd to herd is usually accomplished by transportation of
infested animals, although some lice may move from place to place by clinging
to flies (phoresy). Lice are most often introduced to herds by bringing in
infested animals.
Louse populations vary seasonally, depending largely on the condition of
the host. Most sucking and biting lice begin to increase in number during the
fall and reach peak populations in late winter or early spring. Summer
populations are usually minimal, causing no obvious symptoms. Animals under
stress will usually support larger louse populations than normally found.
Control of louse infestations is needed whenever an animal scratches and
rubs to excess. Louse control is difficult since pesticides do not kill the
louse egg. Since eggs of most species will hatch 8 to 12 days after pesticide
application, retreatment is necessary 2 weeks after the first pesticide
application.
There are 4 kinds of biting lice and 5 kinds of sucking lice that can
attack sheep and goats in Florida.
Biting Lice The angora goat biting louse, Bovicola limbata and
Holokartikos crassipes are the two major biting lice species. The goat
biting louse ( Figure
1 ) and the sheep biting louse are of lesser significance.
CREDITS: J. F. Butler, University of
Florida |
Figure 1. Goat biting louse life
cycle. | All four species live on the
skin surface feeding on scales, bits of hair and other skin surface debris.
Egg hatch requires 9 to 12 days, and the entire life cycle averages 1 month.
The biting lice of goats are world-side in distribution with winter-time
populations being most severe. In Florida high populations have been seen year
round.
The best control of biting lice is an animal residual spray. Retreatment is
recommended 2 weeks after the first pesticide application.
Sucking Lice Five species of sucking lice attack sheep and goats. The
following are of importance:
- African blue louse - Found in semi-tropical climates in the
United States, India and Puerto Rico. They are found on the body, head, and
neck. Heavy populations have caused the death of the host.
- Foot louse - This louse prefers the feet and legs of goats and
sheep. Populations peak in the spring and at that time the lice may affect
the belly area as well. Scrotum infestations on bucks are common. Lambs seem
to have the highest infestations. Egg hatch for this species of louse takes
longer than the other species. Therefore, retreatment should be applied
after 3 weeks.
- Goat sucking louse - Populations ( Figure 2 ) are
dispersed over the animal's body. It is also found on sheep.
- The face and body louse and the long-nosed cattle louse - These
are minor pests.
|
Figure 2. Goat sucking louse life
cycle. |
Nose Bot Fly The nose bot fly ( Figure 3 ) infests the
nostrils of sheep and goats. In infested animals, there is a discharge from
the nostrils, biforous shaking of the head, loss of appetite and grating of
the teeth. In the presence of the fly, the animals are excited, shake their
heads, snort and rush with their noses in the dust.
|
Figure 3. Nose bot
flies. | Nose bot flies are a
winter-time problem. Up to 25 bots have been found in the nasal passages of
sheep in Florida. They may cause eye damage in man. The larvae of the fly are
laid in the nostrils. They migrate up the nasal passages and feed on mucous
and mucous membranes. No control is available.
Keds Keds (
Figure 4 ) (Hippoboscidae), also known as louse flies, are large,
flattened, usually wingless parasitic flies. Two species feed on goats, but
one reproduces on deer and feeds on goats. Sheep ked bites cause irritation
and prompt the infested animals to rub, bite, and scratch. They may also roll
on the ground in an attempt to relieve irritation.
CREDITS: J. F. Butler, University of
Florida |
Figure 4. Ked. | Keds usually
do not cause great damage if the animal is fed on a highly nutritious diet,
but goats grazed throughout the year on pasture or range may acquire heavy
burdens of keds during winter and early spring.
Eggs are retained and hatch within the body of the female ked and develop
into fully grown larvae ready to pupate. These larvae are then glued to hairs
of the host. A female ked is capable of developing only one larvae at a time.
During the female's life of 100 to 130 days, she produces around 10 to 15
young, giving birth every 8 to 9 days. The pupal stage lasts from 18 to 30
days.
Infestations of Fly Maggots Fly maggots, (Myiasis), is the
presence of fly larvae in the host. Several kinds of maggots infest the wounds
of warm-blooded animals; however, the only one that feeds exclusively on live
flesh is the primary screwworm. Sterile male releases have irradiated the
primary screwworm fly from the Southeast; but there is constant danger of
reinfestation.
Other species such as the secondary screwworm and other blow flies may also
infest wounds. These species normally lay their eggs on carcasses of dead
animals and may occasionally occur in open wounds. Although these species may
cause worry, they will not consume living flesh and will feed primarily on
dead flesh and wound secretions. Infestations of secondary screwworm often
follows injury which produce prevalent wounds or management practices which
allow animals to develop bacterial skin infestations. These problems must be
cleared up to prevent secondary screwworm infestation.
There is no simple way to differentiate between primary screwworm and other
fly larvae. Any suspected screwworm case should be reported to the county
extension director. Samples of eggs and maggots should be saved in a small
container filled with 70% alcohol solutions.
Mites Itch or mange mites ( Figure 5 )
(Psoroptes, Sarcoptes) feed on the surface or burrow within the
skin, making very slender, winding tunnels from 0.1 to 1 inch long. The fluid
discharged at the tunnel openings dries to form nodules. A toxin is also
secreted which causes intense irritation and itching. Infested animals rub and
scratch continuously. Infestations are contagious and treatment of all animals
in a herd is essential to achieve control. Delayed egg hatch requires
retreatment at 10 days.
CREDITS: J. F. Butler, University of
Florida |
Figure 5. Itch mite. | The
most common mange of sheep and goats is Psoroptic ear mite (Psoroptes
caniculi) or scab mite. It lives in the auditory canal and temporarily on
the body.
Sticktight Fleas (Siphonaptera) Fleas are small, wingless
insects varying from 1.0 to 8.5 mm in length. They are narrow insects
compressed on the sides with spines directed backwards.
Most species move about a great deal and remain on the host only part of
the time to obtain a blood meal. The legs are well developed as they can jump
as far as 7 to 8 inches.
The flea has egg, larva, pupa, and adult stages. Under favorable
conditions, a generation can be completed in as little as 2 to 3 weeks. Mating
takes place on the host and eggs are laid on the host. Since they are not
attached, the eggs drop to the ground and hatch in from 2 days to several
weeks. Development occurs most commonly in the bedding of the resting area of
the host.
The larvae ( Figure
6 ) are very small worm-like, legless insects with chewing mouthparts. In
several weeks they go through 3 larval stages, feeding on organic debris. The
pupal stage lasts approximately one week, then the newly emerged flea is ready
to feed on blood within 24 hours.
CREDITS: J. F. Butler, University of
Florida |
Figure 6. Flea life
cycle. | The sticktight flea ( Figure 7 ), the most
common flea, is a small species which attacks sheep, goats and other domestic
animals. It attaches firmly to its host usually about the face and ears. This
species remains attached to its host for as long as 2 to 3 weeks. During this
time eggs are laid. They drop to the ground and hatch into larvae. Large
populations of this flea may cause ulcers on the head and ears. Flea
infestations often spread to other animals including man.
CREDITS: J. F. Butler, University of
Florida |
Figure 7. Sticktight flea. |
External Parasite Control Recommendations for Dairy Goats Very few
pesticides are registered for control of parasites on dairy goats. Read all
warnings, directions, and precautions carefully to insure proper usage.
Keys to Pesticide Safety
- Before using any pesticide, stop and read the precautions.
- Read the label on each pesticide container before each use. Heed all
warnings and precautions.
- Store all pesticides in their original container away from food or feed.
- Keep pesticides out of the reach of children, pets, and livestock.
- Apply pesticides only as directed.
- Dispose of empty containers promptly and safely.
These recommendations are guidelines only. The user must
insure that the pesticide is applied in strict compliance with label
directions.
The Food and Drug Administration has established residue tolerances for
certain insecticides in the meat and milk of certain animals. When these and
other approved insecticides are applied according to recommendations, the
pests should be effectively controlled and the animals' products will be safe
for use as food.
The improper use of insecticides may result in residue in milk or meat.
Such products must not be delivered to processing plants.
To avoid excessive residues, use the insecticides recommended at the time
recommended and in the amounts recommended. Remember that goats are smaller
animals than cattle and require proportionately less pesticide for adequate
treatment. Be careful not to over treat animals. Spray with enough pressure to
penetrate the hair coat and wet the skin. Less than 1 quart of spray should be
enough to produce complete coverage per animal.
TablesTable 1. Summary of
Sheep Insecticide Registrations.
Insecticide
|
Formulation
|
% Active Ingredient
|
Signal Word
|
Pests
|
Permethrin
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
11.0%
|
|
black flies, eye gnats, horn flies, horse flies,
house flies, lice, mange mites, mosquitoes, scabies mites, sheep keds,
stable flies, ticks
|
Atroban 42.5% EC
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
42.5%
|
Danger
|
horn flies, horse flies, house flies, lice, mites,
mosquitoes, stable flies, ticks
|
Atroban Delice Pour-On Insecticide
|
Pour-On
|
1.0%
|
|
keds, lice
|
Boss Pour-On Insecticide
|
Pour-On
|
5.00%
|
|
keds, lice
|
Catron IV
|
Aerosol
|
0.5%
|
Caution
|
deer flies, horn flies, horse flies, house flies,
gnats, stable flies, ear ticks, screwworms, fleece worms
|
GardStar 40% EC
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
40.0%
|
Danger
|
black flies, deer flies, eye gnats, horn flies,
horse flies, house flies, lice, mange mites, mosquitoes, scabies mites,
sheep keds, stable flies, ticks
|
Permectrin
|
pour-On
|
1.0%
|
Caution
|
horn flies, keds, lice
|
Permectrin CDS
|
Pour-On
|
7.4%
|
Caution
|
keds, lice
|
Permectrin II
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10.0%
|
Caution
|
blow flies, fleas, hog lice, mange mites,
mosquitoes, ticks
|
Ultra Boss Pour-On
|
Pour-On
|
5.0%
|
Caution
|
keds, lice
|
Permethrin (synergized)
|
Synergized Delice Pour-On Insecticide
|
Pour-On
|
1.0%
|
|
keds, lice
|
Zeta-cypermethrin
|
Python Dust
|
Dust
|
0.075%
|
Caution
|
horn flies, keds, lice, ticks
|
Table 2. Registered Insecticides
for Specific Sheep Pests.
Insecticide
|
Formulation
|
Re-Treatment Interval
|
Comments from Label
|
Black Flies
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Mix thoroughly according to label directions.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Blow Flies
|
Permectrin II
(permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Spray or dip animals.
|
Deer Flies
|
Catron IV (permethrin)
|
Aerosol
|
|
Spray according to label directions.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Eye Gnats
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Mix thoroughly according to label directions.
|
Catron IV (permethrin)
|
Aerosol
|
|
Spray according to label directions.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Fleece Worms
|
Catron IV (permethrin)
|
Aerosol
|
|
Spray according to label directions.
|
Horn Flies
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Mix thoroughly according to label directions.
|
Atroban 42.5% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10 to 14 days
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
Catron IV (permethrin)
|
Aerosol
|
|
Spray according to label directions.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Permectrin (permethrin)
|
Pour-On
|
As needed, but not more than once every two weeks.
|
Pour along back line and down face.
|
Python Dust (zeta-cypermethrin)
|
Dust
|
|
Can be applied by dust bag, shaker can, dusting
glove and mechanical dust applicator.
|
Horse Flies
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Mix thoroughly according to label directions.
|
Atroban 42.5% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10 to 14 days
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
Catron IV (permethrin)
|
Aerosol
|
|
Spray according to label directions.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
House Flies
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
Atroban 42.5% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10 to 14 days
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
Catron IV (permethrin)
|
Aerosol
|
|
Spray according to label directions.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Keds
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
Atroban Delice Pour-On Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Pour-On
|
2 weeks
|
No dilution necessary. Apply according to label
directions.
|
Boss Pour-On Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Pour-On
|
2 weeks
|
Pour proper amount along back.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Permectrin (permethrin)
|
Pour-On
|
As needed, but not more than once every two weeks.
|
Pour along back line, over neck, shoulders, and
rump.
|
Permectrin CDS (permethrin)
|
Pour-On
|
|
Pour along back. For optimum control, all animals in
flock should be treated after shearing.
|
Python Dust (zeta-cypermethrin)
|
Dust
|
|
Can be applied by dust bag, shaker can, dusting
glove and mechanical dust applicator.
|
Synergized Delice Pour-On Insecticide
(permethrin -synergized)
|
Pour-On
|
14 days
|
Pour along back. For optimum control, all animals in
flock should be treated after shearing.
|
Ultra Boss Pour-On (permethrin)
|
Pour-On
|
2 weeks
|
Pour along back.
|
Lice
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
Atroban Delice Pour-On Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Pour-On
|
2 weeks
|
No dilution necessary. Apply according to label
directions.
|
Boss Pour-On Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Pour-On
|
2 weeks
|
Pour proper amount along back. For optimum lice
control, two treatments at 14 day intervals are recommended.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Permectrin (permethrin)
|
Pour-On
|
As needed, but not more than once every two weeks.
|
Pour along back line and down face.
|
Permectrin CDS (permethrin)
|
Pour-On
|
|
Pour along back. For optimum control, all animals in
flock should be treated after shearing.
|
Permectrin II
(permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Spray or dip animals.
|
Python Dust (zeta-cypermethrin)
|
Dust
|
|
Can be applied by dust bag, shaker can, dusting
glove and mechanical dust applicator.
|
Synergized Delice Pour-On Insecticide
(permethrin - synergized)
|
Pour-On
|
14 days
|
Pour along back. For optimum control, all animals in
flock should be treated after shearing.
|
Ultra Boss Pour-On (permethrin)
|
Pour-On
|
2 weeks
|
Pour along back. For optimum lice control, two
treatments at 14-day intervals are recommended.
|
Mites (Mange)
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
Atroban 42.5% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10 to 14 days
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Permectrin II
(permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Spray or dip animals.
|
Mites (Scabies)
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
Atroban 42.5% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10 to 14 days
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Mosquitoes
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
Atroban 42.5% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10 to 14 days
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Permectrin II
(permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Spray or dip animals.
|
Stable Flies
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
Atroban 42.5% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10 to 14 days
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
Catron IV (permethrin)
|
Aerosol
|
|
Spray according to label directions.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Ticks
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
Atroban 42.5% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10 to 14 days
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
Catron IV (permethrin)
|
Aerosol
|
|
Spray according to label directions.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Permectrin II
(permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Spray or dip animals.
|
Python Dust (zeta-cypermethrin)
|
Dust
|
|
Can be applied by dust bag, shaker can, dusting
glove and mechanical dust applicator.
|
Ticks (Ear)
|
Catron IV (permethrin)
|
Aerosol
|
|
Spray according to label directions.
|
Table 3. Summary of Goat
Insecticide Registrations.
Insecticide
|
Formulation
|
% Active Ingredient
|
Signal Word
|
Pests
|
Permethrin
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
11.0%
|
|
black flies, eye gnats, horn flies, horse flies,
house flies, lice, mange mites, mosquitoes, scabies mites, sheep keds,
stable flies, ticks
|
Catron IV
|
Aerosol
|
0.5%
|
Caution
|
deer flies, fleece worms, horn flies, horse flies,
house flies, gnats, stable flies, ear ticks, screwworms
|
GardStar 40% EC
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
40.0%
|
Danger
|
black flies, deer flies, eye gnats, horn flies,
horse flies, house flies, lice, mange mites, mosquitoes, scabies mites,
sheep keds, stable flies, ticks
|
Zeta-cypermethrin
|
Python Dust
|
Dust
|
0.075%
|
Caution
|
horn flies, keds, lice, ticks
|
Table 4. Registered Insecticides
for Specific Goat (lactating and non-lactating) Pests.
Insecticide
|
Formulation
|
Re-Treatment Interval
|
Comments from Label
|
Black Flies
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Mix thoroughly according to label directions.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Deer Flies
|
Catron IV (permethrin)
|
Aerosol
|
|
Spray according to label directions.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Eye Gnats
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Mix thoroughly according to label directions.
|
Catron IV (permethrin)
|
Aerosol
|
|
Spray according to label directions.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Fleece Worms
|
Catron IV (permethrin)
|
Aerosol
|
|
Spray according to label directions.
|
Horn Flies
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Mix thoroughly according to label directions.
|
Catron IV (permethrin)
|
Aerosol
|
|
Spray according to label directions.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Python Dust (zeta-cypermethrin)
|
Dust
|
|
Can be applied by dust bag, shaker can, dusting
glove and mechanical dust applicator.
|
Horse Flies
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Mix thoroughly according to label directions.
|
Catron IV (permethrin)
|
Aerosol
|
|
Spray according to label directions.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
House Flies
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
Catron IV (permethrin)
|
Aerosol
|
|
Spray according to label directions.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Keds
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Python Dust (zeta-cypermethrin)
|
Dust
|
|
Can be applied by dust bag, shaker can, dusting
glove and mechanical dust applicator.
|
Lice
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Python Dust (zeta-cypermethrin)
|
Dust
|
|
Can be applied by dust bag, shaker can, dusting
glove and mechanical dust applicator.
|
Mites (Mange)
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Mites (Scabies)
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Mosquitoes
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Stable Flies
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
Catron IV (permethrin)
|
Aerosol
|
|
Spray according to label directions.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Ticks
|
Atroban 11% EC Insecticide (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
2 weeks
|
Apply diluted product, according to label directions
as a dip or spray.
|
Catron IV (permethrin)
|
Aerosol
|
|
Spray according to label directions.
|
GardStar 40% EC (permethrin)
|
Emulsifiable Concentrate
|
10-14 days
|
Dilute and apply according to label directions. May
be used as a high pressure spray, low pressure spray (hand-pump
sprayer), or backrubber.
|
Python Dust (zeta-cypermethrin)
|
Dust
|
|
Can be applied by dust bag, shaker can, dusting
glove and mechanical dust applicator.
|
Ticks (Ear)
|
Catron IV (permethrin)
|
Aerosol
|
|
Spray according to label directions.
|
Footnotes1. This document is
ENY-273 (which incorporates ENY-253), one of a series of the Entomology and
Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of
Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: July
1993. Revised: October 2002. Please visit the EDIS Website at
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu.
2. P. G. Koehler,
professor/extension entomologist and J. F. Butler, professor, Entomology and
Nematology Department, Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611.
The use of trade names in this publication is solely for the purpose of
providing specific information. UF/IFAS does not guarantee or warranty the
products named, and references to them in this publication does not signify
our approval to the exclusion of other products of suitable composition. All
chemicals should be used in accordance with directions on the manufacturer's
label. Use pesticides safely. Read and follow directions on the manufacturer's
label.
The Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences is an equal
opportunity/affirmative action employer authorized to provide research,
educational information and other services only to individuals and
institutions that function without regard to race color, sex, age, handicap,
or national origin. For information on obtaining other extension publications,
contact your county Cooperative Extension Service office.
Florida
Cooperative Extension Service / Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences /
University of Florida / Christine Taylor Waddill, Dean
Copyright InformationThis document is copyrighted by the University
of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS) for the
people of the State of Florida. UF/IFAS retains all rights under all
conventions, but permits free reproduction by all agents and offices of the
Cooperative Extension Service and the people of the State of Florida.
Permission is granted to others to use these materials in part or in full for
educational purposes, provided that full credit is given to the UF/IFAS,
citing the publication, its source, and date of publication.
|